In the absense of being able to bite the child a good pinch with nails serves the same purpose - abuse all in your definition but as Judy said there are times and with certain children that you need to give tangible examples to back up what you are saying - biting hurts and if you pinch as you say hurt they get the connection of the hurt - pinch where they bit the other child - usually arm or cheek. A child that is being agressive - yes that is why they are biting out of anger perceived or real they can be taught to pinch themselves instead.

The alternate to biting a child is to put their own arm or finger in their mouth and in their temper tantrum that are very likely goign to chomp on it in anger for being held - serves the same purpose of getting them to feel what they were doing. Then at least the teeth indentations are their own and works for your own or daycare child.

After this it is important to watch when the child shows you they are angry by biting or pinching themselves. Take note of the situation, who else is there, particular toy involved, etc.

When it is our own child that is biting it usually has more to do with jealous - for all intents and purposes you have introduced a new"sibling" to them and they don't like sharing you. Making your own child your helper, letting him be first as much as possible or giving him times to take the lead it should help. It is also generally a short lived issue till words develop and they can get to verbal sparing and pushing instead of biting and hitting. Think about it - a dog bites because it can't tell you to stop. A child with no language instinctively bites because they can't tell you to stop.

Teach the child that gets bit all the time some self help skills too so they learn they do not always have to be a victim. Teach them to put their arms out to keep the other child at bay. And turn a blind eye if they push gently but don`t teach that. The biter needs to be shown that their advances won`t be tolerated. Peer pressure is the best teacher.