It's my experience that kids don't generally tantrum unless they are overtired or hungry. I try to attack tantrums by being proactive....we aim for snacks with a protein and a carb for good energy, outside time and good naps. There isn't much that is more important than regular foods and sleep for my little guys.

That being said, tantrums happen. We try for consistency and gentle firmness, like the previous posters. We are also fans of redirection for the toddlers, timeouts for the preschoolers.